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From YouTube and Gmail to BigQuery and Cloud Storage, almost all of Google’s products depend on Colossus, our foundational distributed storage system. As Google’s universal storage platform, Colossus achieves throughput that rivals or exceeds the best parallel file systems, has the management and scale of an object storage system, and an easy-to-use programming model that’s used by all Google teams. Moreover, it does all this while serving the needs of products with incredibly diverse requirements, be it scale, affordability, throughput, or latency. 

Example application

I/O sizes

Expected performance

BigQuery scans

hundreds of KBs to tens of MBs

TB/s

Cloud Storage - standard

KBs to tens of MBs

100s of milliseconds

Gmail messages

less than hundreds of KBs

10s of milliseconds

Gmail attachments

KBs to MBs

seconds

Hyperdisk reads

KBs to hundreds of KBs

<1 ms

YouTube video storage

MBs

seconds

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